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① 指代人 (也就是引導(dǎo)修飾人的定語(yǔ)從句) 的關(guān)系代詞who, whom, that，其中who和that既可以作主語(yǔ)也可以做賓語(yǔ)，whom只可以作賓語(yǔ)。作表語(yǔ)只用that。如：

The police officer who / that had ruled out the possibility of murder was very experienced.(who / that作定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ))

The boy who(m) / that they found missing was called Justin Foster.(who / whom / that作定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞found的賓語(yǔ))

Tom is not the small boy that he used to be. (that在從句中作表語(yǔ))

② 指代事物(也就是引導(dǎo)修飾事物的定語(yǔ)從句) 的關(guān)系代詞which和that，兩者都既可以作主語(yǔ)也可以做賓語(yǔ)。That還可作表語(yǔ)。如：

The spaceship that / which moved around to the side of the house gave off very bright lights.(that / which作定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ))

Water, without which humans couldn’t live, is the most valuable resouce on the earth.(which作定語(yǔ)從句中的介詞without的賓語(yǔ))

This place is not the village that it was ten years ago.(that在從句中作表語(yǔ))

(2) 關(guān)系限定詞whose，在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)，指代“名詞先行詞’s”或物主限定詞his, her等，引導(dǎo)修飾人(間或?yàn)槭挛?，此時(shí)可用whose可被of which替代)的定語(yǔ)從句。如：

The strange-looking man whose eyes were large and black walked over to Justin.(whose作eyes的定語(yǔ)，指代the strange-looking man’s，從句修飾人)

The house whose windows we have just fixed were broken into by burglars.(whose作 windows的定語(yǔ)，指代the house’s，從句修飾事物)

(3) 關(guān)系副詞where, when和why，在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于“介詞+地點(diǎn)名詞先行詞/時(shí)間名詞先行詞/原因名詞先行詞”，各自引導(dǎo)修飾這些名詞的定語(yǔ)從句。如：

The mountain where the volcano lies is not far from here.(where在從句中作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞lies的狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于in the mountain從句修飾the mountain)

The days when people felt content with a simple life are forever gone.(when在從句中作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞felt的狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于in the days，從句修飾the days)

He gave us no reason why he took the job.(why在從句中作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞took的狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于for the reason，從句修飾reason)

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