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二、被動語態(tài)的使用要點(diǎn)

1. 不及物動詞不能用于被動語態(tài)及物動詞才有被動語態(tài),不及物動詞happen, take place, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, occur, remain, succeed, start等沒有被動語態(tài)。例如:

Great changes have been taken place in my hometown. (×)

Great changes have taken place in my hometown. (√)

2. 表示狀態(tài)的動詞不能用于被動語態(tài)英語中有些動詞(短語動詞)不是表示動作,而是表示某種狀態(tài)或情況,如"擁有、容納、適合、明白"等意,這類詞不能用于被 動語態(tài),常見的有:lack, mean, hold, have, become, last, cost, consist of, look like等。如:

The new stadium can be held 5,000 people. (×)

The new stadium can hold 5,000 people. (√)

3. 主動形式表示被動意義的詞

(1)某些感官動詞和系動詞加形容詞可以表示被動意義,常見的有:look, smell, taste, feel, prove, wear, sound等。如:Your idea sounds great.

(2) 某些行為動詞后加副詞(有些可不加副詞)也可以表示被動意義,常見的有:wash, write, sell, read, handle, keep, pay等。如:

The meat cuts easily. The shoes wear well.

(3) want, deserve, need, require, worth等詞的后面可以用動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義。

The point deserves mentioning.

4. 在主動語態(tài)中,若動詞為make, let, see, hear, watch, notice時(shí),后接不帶to的動詞不定式;但是變被動語態(tài)時(shí),必須把省掉的to帶上。例如:

You should make him deal with this problem carefully.

= He should be made to deal with this problem carefully.

5. 某些表語形容詞后,常用不定式的主動表被動。

The question is difficult to understand.

6. 當(dāng)不定式作定語,與前面的名詞或代詞有動賓關(guān)系時(shí),用不定式的主動表被動。

Have you got anything to say at the meeting?

7. be to blame, be to let要用主動形式表示被動意思。

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