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教師考試英語筆試中，主謂一致的考查也是常有的，在此給大家再整理一下英語考試中的這個知識點，希望能夠幫助到各位備考的考生。
主謂一致指“人稱”和“數(shù)”方面的一致關(guān)系，即指“主語和謂語動詞”之間的一致關(guān)系，要求謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上要和主語保持一致。主謂一致包括語法一致、意義一致和就近一致，語法一致即謂語動詞在單復(fù)數(shù)形式上要和主語保持一致，意義一致就是謂語動詞要和主語意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致，就近一致就是謂語動詞要和靠近它的主語部分保持一致。主謂一致?？疾閮?nèi)容涉及名詞單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)作主語、不可數(shù)名詞作主語、不定代詞作主語、并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語、特殊名詞作主語時與謂語動詞數(shù)的一致等。
主謂一致中最基本的原則是：單數(shù)主語用單數(shù)動詞，復(fù)數(shù)主語用復(fù)數(shù)動詞。但在實際使用當(dāng)中情況比較復(fù)雜，?？?quot;表里不一"現(xiàn)象，現(xiàn)將主謂一致中常犯的錯誤歸納整理如下：
1.如果主語有more than one很多 非常…或many a許多……構(gòu)成，one and a half與單數(shù)名詞組成的短語。盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容，但它的謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如：
More than one student has read the book.
Many a girl has been there.
Many a boy has seen it. 許多孩子都看到了。
但是，“more +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than one”結(jié)構(gòu)之后，謂語動詞一般多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：
More members than one are against your plan.
A pair of shoes was on the desk.
Many a child was playing there. 很多小孩在那兒玩。
More than one student has failed the exam. 不止一個學(xué)生考試未及格。
2. each作主語或修飾主語時
1)單獨用作主語(或修飾主語)，謂語用單數(shù):
Each student has his own desk. 每個學(xué)生都有自己的課桌。
Two boys entered. Each was carrying a suitcase. 兩個男孩進來，每人提著一只箱子。
【注意】
(1) 兩個或多個“each+單數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)并列作主語時, 謂語用單數(shù)。
(2) “each of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞”用作主語, 謂語一般要用單數(shù)
Each of them was deeply frightened. 他們個個都驚恐萬分。
但是在非正式文體中(尤其是當(dāng) each of之后的名詞較長時)偶爾也可用復(fù)數(shù)謂語，但很少見，學(xué)生宜慎用。
2)each 用于復(fù)數(shù)名詞后作同位語
此時謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)：
They each have an English-Chinese dictionary. 他們每人都有一本英漢詞典。
The young people each carry a big bag. 這些年輕人個個背著一個大袋子。
3. 主語后接in addition to, with, along with, together with, except, but等介詞
其后的動詞形式取決介詞前主語：
Nothing but trees was to be seen. 除了樹木之外什么也看不見。
No one except my parents knows anything about this. 除我父母外沒人知道此事。
Jim, together with his classmates, has seen the film. 吉姆和他的同學(xué)都看過這部電影。
4. 有些名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式一樣, 作主語的時候, 其謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)由上下文決定(尤其注意其前的修飾語)，這一類名詞有: means, works, deer, fish, sheep, Chinese,Japanese等。
Not every means is useful. 不是每種方法都好使。
Not all means are useful. 不是所有的方法都好使。
These means are very good. 這些方法很好。
Such a means is really unpleasant. 這樣的方法確實是令人不愉快。
若沒有特定的修飾語或語境，則用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)謂語均可：
There is [are] no good means. 沒有好的方法。
Are [Is] there any other means of doing it? 做這事還有其他的什么辦法嗎?
5. kind“種類”作主語
this kind of book = a book of this kind (這種書) , 其謂語用單數(shù); 短語this kind of men = men of this kind = these kind of men (口語) (這一類人), 但this kind of men 的謂語用單數(shù), men of this kind 和these kind of men 的謂語用復(fù)數(shù), all kinds of 后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞, 謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：
This kind of men is dangerous.
Men of this kind are dangerous.
6. 在主謂倒裝的句子中,謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。例如:
Between the two windows hangs a picture.
7.“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語以及由“ a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of + 名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時,其謂語動詞要與短語中of 后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致,這是因為短語中后面的名詞是中心詞,而短語中前面的量詞是修飾語。例如:
Lots of damage was caused by fire.
About three-fourths of the earth’s surface is covered with water.
Three-fifths of the workers here are women.
和這種情況類似的還有“a number of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)”。但是,“the number of + 名詞”的中心詞卻是number。試比較：
A number of students have gone to the countryside to help with the autumn harvest.
The number of pages in this book is two hundred.
【補充】
a (large) quantity of 修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞, 其短語作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
A large quantity of people is needed here.
quantities of 修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語時,謂語動詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:
Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table.
短語in quantity, in large quantities 意為 “大量”; in small quantities 意為“少量”。
8. 表時間長度、錢數(shù)、速度等的詞組作主語，此時通常將其視為整體，謂語用單數(shù)。如：
Twenty years is a long time. 20年是很長的時間。
Ten dollars is all I have left. 我只剩下10美元。
以上介紹了主謂一致易錯點，希望對各位考生有所幫助。
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