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【詞條1】refuse

【點撥】refuse為動詞,意為"拒絕"。常用于結構:

① refuse to do sth.

② refuse + n. / pron.

③ refuse sb. sth.。

如:

What annoyed us was that Mary refused to talk about this matter.

He refused his friend’s invitation to go on an adventure.

She is so enthusiastic that you can’t refuse her anything.

【拓展】

1. 辨析refuse&reject&decline

這幾個詞都可作"拒絕"解。其區(qū)別在于:refuse 是表示"拒絕"這一概念的最普通的用詞,可接不定式,表示拒絕做某事,也可接名詞,表示不接受;reject 語氣比refuse 強,表示斷然拒絕。如果不同意一種意見或信仰,通常用reject;decline 比較正式,表示禮貌、客氣地"婉拒",當表示對于對方的邀請、請求、提議等表示"不接受"時,可以用decline 來緩和語氣。如:

I refused to take part in anything that is illegal.

The army doctors rejected several recruits as unfit.

I invited her to join us, but she declined.

2. refusal為refuse 的名詞形式,意為"拒絕,拒不"。如:

Your refusal of such a good offer was very foolish.

【詞條2】arise

【點撥】arise為不及物動詞,意為"產(chǎn)生;出現(xiàn)"。常用搭配:arise out of / from sth."由……引起"。如:

We didn’t know how the quarrel arose.

Disagreements have arisen from the new program.

【拓展】

1. arise還可意為"站起來,起立"。如:

He arose, telling me that he would wait for me outside the office.

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