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② 表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)不知何時(shí)發(fā)生的一次性動(dòng)作時(shí),時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：yesterday, last (year等), in (1998 等)。如：He came to our city in the year 2000.(他2000年來(lái)到我們市)
③ 表示過(guò)去一個(gè)階段中經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事情時(shí),時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：last…, in…, from…to…, for(10 years),often,usually, sometimes, always, never等。如：Mr Jackson usually went to evening schools when he was young.
/ Every day he went to the rich man and borrowed books from him.
④ 講故事、對(duì)過(guò)去經(jīng)歷的回憶、雙方都明白的過(guò)去事件等一般用過(guò)去時(shí),而且經(jīng)常省略時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如：I happened to meet Rose in the street.(我正好在街上遇到露西)
(3) 一般將來(lái)時(shí) 表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
①一般將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：tomorrow, this (afternoon),next (year),one day,now,soon,someday, sometime, in the future,
when引導(dǎo)的從句等。
② 用will構(gòu)成的將來(lái)時(shí),表示動(dòng)作與人的主觀愿望無(wú)關(guān)。“shall”用于第一人稱,“will”用于所有人稱。如：I will graduate from this school soon.(我很快就要從這所中學(xué)畢業(yè)了)/ You will stay alone after I leave.
(我走了之后你就要一個(gè)人過(guò)了)
③ “am/is/are going to+動(dòng)詞原形”表示打算或準(zhǔn)備要做的事情,或者主觀判斷即將要發(fā)生的事情,
而“am/is/are to +動(dòng)詞原形”表示安排或計(jì)劃中的動(dòng)作。如：A man told them that the woman was to give birth to the special baby.
(有一個(gè)人告訴他們那個(gè)婦女就會(huì)生下那個(gè)特別的男孩)/ It’s going to rain soon.(天快要下雨了)
④ 表示一個(gè)人臨時(shí)決定要做某事,可以用will表達(dá)。如：I will go to the lab to get some chemicals(化學(xué)藥劑). So please wait until I return.(我要到化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室去取些藥品,請(qǐng)等我回頭)
⑤ 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)也可以表示將來(lái)。(見相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài))
⑥ shall和will 在口語(yǔ)的一些疑問(wèn)句中相當(dāng)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。Shall一般與第一人稱連用,will與第二人稱連用。如：Shall we go to the zoo next Saturday?(我們下周六去動(dòng)物園好嗎?)/ Will you please open the door for me?
(替我把門打開好嗎?)
⑦ “be to +動(dòng)詞原形”表示按照計(jì)劃將要發(fā)生的事情。
如：An angel came to tell her that she was to have this special boy.
(4)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或是現(xiàn)階段正發(fā)生而此刻不一定在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
① 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞be (am is are ) +現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。
② 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有： now, this …, these…等,但經(jīng)常不用。
如：What are you doing up in the tree?(你在樹上干什么?)/ I am writing a long novel these days.
(我最近在寫一本長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō))
③ 表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,一般指近期安排好的事情。常見的動(dòng)詞有：come, go, stay, leave, spend, do等。如：I’m coming now.(我就來(lái))/ What are you doing tomorrow?(你明天干什么?)/ He is leaving soon.(他就要走了)
④ 表示頻繁發(fā)生或反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,常與always等頻度副詞連用,以表示贊揚(yáng)、不滿或討厭等感情色彩。如：He is always borrowing money from me and forgetting all about it some time later.
(他老是向我借錢,過(guò)一些時(shí)候就忘得一干二凈)
(5)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
① 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)由“was(第一、三人稱單數(shù))或were(第二人稱單數(shù)和各人稱的復(fù)數(shù))+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。
② 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：then, at that time, this time yesterday, at (eight) yesterday (morning),(a year) ago,
以及由when引出的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。如：He was cooking supper this time yesterday.(昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候他正在做晚飯)/ The little girl was playing with her toy when I saw her.(我看到小女孩的時(shí)候她正在玩玩具)
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